infective hepatitis and treatment

patient of infective hepatitis well always complain e of loss of appetite and distaste foe ciggraret enlarged tender liver will confirm the diagnosis

treatment

syp    jetepar ITSF tds

iv dixtrose 5%[if patient eat not properlly ]

he is advise to drink juices 

let the patient eat anything he likes 

excessive intake of fats is avoided

treatment of hyperacidity and piptic ulcer

one of the following medicines is used

tab cimatadine 200 mg BD  for gastric and 400 mg BD  for piptic ulcer 

tab famatadine 40 at night 

tab renatadine 150 mg bd iv antacid 

what is sciatica and treatment

it is a pain a long the distribution of the sciatica nerve . low backache radiating to gluteal region thigh and legs and back side

treatment 

]  in acute attack bed rest for 2 to 3 weak
] opiod analgesics foe exmpal [ tramal ] TDS
]NASID FOR EXAMPAL meloxicam and diclofanic 50 mg BD
] analagesics should start with injection then shefted to oral
]surgery in advance cases is needed
]vit b and b12 complex is usaually used ;;;;;;;

what is diabetes mellitus AND TREATMENT

if patient has become diabetic at the age more then 40 years .then he is given oral hypoglcaemic drugs . otherwise he is put on insulin therapy . anti diabetic therapy depends upon the blood sugar level . start with smaller dosage then it is increase gradually till blood sugar level comes within normal limits starting dose

TREATMENT

                        1] tab daonil half 1 tab od
                         or
                         2]tab gluconorm half 1 tab b.d
                        if patient is obese then
tab glucophage 1 to 2 tds is added provide blood glucose is not controlled juvenile diabetics are always treated with inj insulin s.c
start blood sugar comes within normal range

WHAT IS ACUTE RETENTION OF URINE AND MANAGEMENT

IN SUCH CASE PROBLEM LIES BEYOND URINARY BLADDER TOWARDS EXTERIOR...

DIAGNOSTIC POINT

IN MOST OF THE CASES THERE IS H/ O OF POOR FLOW OF URINE WITH THE TERMINAL DRIBBLING TO START WITH .THIS RESULT RETENTION OF LARGE RESIDUAL VOLUME WHICH DUE TO CONSTANT IRRITATION CAUSES INCREASES FREQUENCY WITHOUT ANY URINARY TRACK INFECTION

            MANAGEMENT 

IMMEDIATELY FOLEY S CATHETER   [NO 16 OR 18 ] IS INTRODUCED TO GET REED OF URINARY RETENTION 

PATIENT IS GIVE ANTIBIOTIC TO TREAT INFECTION 

SURGICAL INTERFERENCE IS INDICATED IF CAUSE IS STONE GROWTH STRICTURE OR PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY 

HAEMATURIA MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT

1] BLOOD TRANSFUSION IF BLEEDING IS MASSIVE 

2]SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT FOR EXAMPAL TREATMENT OF PAIN INFECTION AND SHOCK 

3] SURGERY

what is bell S palsy

bell S palsy 

                 idiopathic paralysis of facial nerve is called bell s palsy 

management 

                            there is no specific therapy . if patient reports within 48 hr a short course of steroids may be helpful  for exampal tab predniselone 5 mg ...40 to 60 mg/day to start with then reduce 1 to 2 tablet after 2 to 3 days .tab tegamet or zantac are given to avoid peptic ulceration

physiotherapy is also advised''''''''''''''''''

management of status asthamaticus COPD

management

1]OXYGEN IS GIVEN AT RATE OF 4 TO 6 L/MIN 

2]INJ SOLUCORTEF 200 MG IV THIS MAY BE REPEATED AS 100 MG /4 TO 6HOUR AS DESIRED .ALONG WITH PREDNISOLINE 30 MG IS GIVEN ORALLY /12 HR 

3] VENTOLINE  NEBULIZATION 1ML OF SOLUTION MIXED WITH 3MLM OF SLINE IS GIVEN WITHIN 20 MINUTES IT IS REPEATED FOR THREE TIME .IF NO IMPROVEMENT THEN IT IS GIVEN CONTINUOUSLY STILL PATIENT SHOW IMPROVEMENT 
4] IPRATROIUM BROMID 250 TO 500 MICROGRAM IN 3ML SALINE AND NEBULIZATION IN 20 MINUTES THIS IS GIVEN FOR VENTOLINE BETTER RESPONSE  IPRATSOPIUM CAN BE REPEATED TWICE ONE HR APART IF NO IMPROVEMENT THEN IT IS REPEATED 4 TO 6 HR 
5] ANTIBIOTIC ARE USED WHEN RESPIRATORY TRACK INFECTION IS ALSO SUSPECTED 

status asthamaticus sever COPD corpulmonale

clinical examination 

1] dyspnoea is present patient accessory muscle of respiration are hyperactive 

2]chest may be barrel shaped on inspection and hyper-resonant on percussion 

3]wheezing is audible 

4]cyanosis may be present 

5]Auscultation of chest show presence of rhonchi 

6]in some case basal crept are also present along with rhonchi .raised JVP hepatomegaly and oedema  feet are indicative of corpulmonale 

FOREIGN BODY IN EYE HOW REMOVE FOREIGN

WHILE WA;KING OR RODE SIDE OR RIDING OVER A CYCLE AND MOTORCYCLE SOME FOREIGN BODY JUMP INTO ONE EYE . FOREIGN BODY MAY BE A SMALL PIECE OF GLASS .METAL .PLASTIC .DUST PARTICLE INSECT  OR ANY EYELASH .FOREIGN MAY BE OUTSIDE THE EYE BALL OR INSIDE THE EYE BALL . FOREIGN BODY CAUSE DICOMFORT IRRITATION PAIN REDNESS FOREIGN BODY SENSATION .EPIPHORA AND PHOTOPHOBIA THERE MAY BE BLEPHROSPASM .FOREIGN MAY BE SEEN IN EYE NAKED EYE OR SLIT LAMP EXAMINATION .FOREIGN BODY MAY BE DISTURB NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE EYE AND CAN CAUSE DEGENERATION CHANG IN EYE IF PENETRATE INSIDE THE EYE FOREIGN BODY MAY DISTURB VISION OF PRESENT COMEA LENS OR IN BETWEEN TO FIND PRESENCE OR LOCATION OF FOREIGN BODY A NACKED EYE EXAMINATION AND LAMPEXAMINATION AND OPHTHALMOSCOPY TO SEE INSIDE THE EYE MAY BE DONE ......

METHOD TO REMOVE FOREIGN BODY 

FREQUENT WASHING OF EFFECTED EYE WITH COLD WATER 

FREQUENT WASHING OF EFFECTED EYE WITH ROSE WATER 

TRY TO REMOVE FOREIGN BODY TO SOFT CLOTH 

REMOVE BY COTTON

REMOVE BY MAGNET 

BY REMOVE SPUD 

REMOVE BY NEEDLE 

REMOVE BY FORCEP 

what is tidal volume and vital capacity

tidal volume 

it is volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath volume is 500 ml

vital capacity

it a combination of tidal volume . inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume .value 4600 ml while inspiratory reserve volume means extra volume of air that can be inspired forcefully in addition to nprmal tidal volume /expiratory reserve volume means extra volume of air that can be expired forcefully in addition to normal volume 

What is abdominal  pain

It is a common condition cause of abdominal pain are …

1] indigestion

2]Appendicitis

3]intestinal obstruction

4] Gall bladder

5]ovrion pian

6peritonitis

7]pancreatitis

8]gastroenteritis

 

First aid management abdominal pian

1]the patient must eat anything …….

2] liquid in take must be limited ….

3] no laxative be taken …..                                             

4]  the patient should be taken up the most comfortable position…..

5] a doctor must be  consultant for treatment…….

multiple choice question M C QS

Multiple choice question [M C Qs]

1] a branch of medical science which deal with the practice of non surgical method of treating disease is called

[medicine ]

2]an indication of a disease sensation noticed by the patient himself is called

[symptom]

3]an indication of disease observed by the doctor is called

[sign]

4]signs on which the patient is alived  are called

[vital sign ]

5]the normal pulse rate in adult is..

[72 time per mint ]

6]the normal respiratory rate in adult is ..

[10to 20time in a mint]

7]the normal human temperature is…

[98.6fahrenheit]

8]the normal human blood pressure in adult is

[120/80mmHg]

 to be contenue.........................................

frist add management of epilepsy

Frist  add management  of epilepsy

Following step are taken

1]patient is put of lateral position to avoid falling back of tongue and aspiration of forth  

2]A rolled gauze piece or even handkerchief is put into mouth to avoid tongue bite .till mouth gag or oral airway is available one oral airway is produced then immediately suction is started .

3]one of the following drug regimen is started

A]inj pheobarbitone 200 mg diluted with 50ml of normal saline is given i.v slowly over 10 minutes this is repeated every half hr to the maximum 4 Gm/day

B] inj diazepam [valum 10 mg ]I v  state slowly within 2 minutes this is repeated after 10 minutes if convulsion continue then diazepam infusion is given add 100mg in IL of 5%DW and given at rate of 20drops/mint Beware of respiratory depression

C] phenytoin sodium [15 to20mg kg ] I v drip of [normal saline ] NOT dextrose ] 50mg/minut  it can also be given to the patient its maintained it rate of 100mg /6to8 hr as infusion if there is bradycardia or low blood pressure then do not use this drug .so ACG and BP monitoring it must

D] in resistant case inj thiopenton  1gm in 500 ml of ringer solution is given slowly as I v drip at rate of 1 ml/min 

what is acne treatment of acne

acne 

a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous follicles of skin characterized papules  pustules cysts nodules and some case in permanent scarring and disfigurement

treatment 

extra cosmetic should not be used 

extra pomade should not be used 

standardized cream should be used 

anti histamine for example loratadine 10 mg 

antibiotic for example azithromycine 250=500

Avoid hot spicy food ..............................................................

frist add management of electric shock

management 

a] patient is immediately resuscitated .his breathing pulse blood pressure and heart is looked for abnormality 

b] E C G is done to find any arrhythmia .if arrhythmia is present its treated according to  symptom 

Student Section

Hello Student's 

In this section student will find all the educational post which have been post by me.
I will try to post some thing interesting which can help the student in there future life.
so keep wiving this site and supporting me i will work for you.

what is shock

shock

shock is a physiological term. it is state of inadequate tissue perfusion [oxygenation ] leading to organ dysfunction following are the type 

l low flow shock 

1]cardiogenic shock 

2]hypovolumic shock 

vasodilated shock 

1]septic shock 

2]anaphylatic shock 

3] neurogenic shock 

cardiac out put formula

formula cardiac out put = stroke volume x heart rate 

for example .cardiac out put =70x72=5040ml/min

or =5.040l/min

what is cardiac out put 

it is volume of blood pumped by left ventricle [intoaorta]in one minute.

what is stroke volume 

it is volume of blood that is pushed [pumped] by ventricle [heart] during one contraction [systole ] value is 70ml/beat

snake bite diagno

snake bite 

in case patient is  not sure about the aetiology of bite following point help to establish the diagnosis of snake bite 

1]there are two fang marks rarely marks may be done ..

2]in case there is inverted U shape mark .the possibility of non -poisonous snake is highly probably ..

clinical feature 

1]these depend of the nature and duration of snake bite .

2]locally there is redness swelling and bullous formation 

3]later sloughing and ulceration occur .......

4]vomiting is present 

5]patient may have signs of CNS and CVS involvement 

6]heamorrahagic tendency is there in most of the victims 

7]patient may be in site of shock

management 

iv line maintaned 

inj tetanus toxoid is also given to safeguard against tetanus 

treatment 

local application of tight bandage proximal to the site of bite well prevent the spread of poison 

2]local injection lignocain [sub    ]cut]  along with adrenaline is given.. adrenalineis not use if bite is on the fingers 

3]effected part is immersed in warm water to get relief from pain 

3]anti scorpion venom is also given 

4]for local pain and swelling applied anttihistamine cream 

5]in case there is systemic allergy reaction steroids [silucortef]100mg or adrenaline [0.3ml s.c] is given  

how manage high blood pressure

treatment should be done according symptom 

psychological support for the patient is needed

proper treatment is divided into 3 part 

1general treatment 

2drugs therapy

3]treatment of etiological 

general treatment 

low salt diet over work should be avoided 

smoking should avoided 

nasid like paracetamol and diclofanic should be avoided 

drug therapy 

beta blockers propranolol

calcium channel blocker amlodipine [safvasc]5mg

aca inhibitor captopril [capotine]25mg

diuretic furosemid [spiromide]20+40 mg

vasodilators [nitrates] 

methydopa aldomet 250mg specially in pregnancy 

treatment of etiological 

in secondary hypertension diagnosis the exact cause of high blood pressure and treat the same cause with the treatment hypertension given above .

WHAT IS HYPERTENSION

BLOOD PRESSURE MORE THAN 140/90 MMHG AT THE AGE OF 20 YEARS AND 160/95 MMHG AT THE AGE OF 50 YEARS IS TAKEN IS HYPERTENSION

TYPE OF HYPERTENSION 

1]ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION          IN THIS HYPERTENSION NO SPECIFIC CAUSE IS THERE 

2]SECONDARY HYPERTENSION       IN THIS HYPERTENSION SOME SPECIFIC REASON IS THERE WHICH CAUSE THE BLOOD PRESSURE HIGH FOR EXAMPLE [NEPHRITIS ][IMBALANCY OF HORMONE ]

CAUSE 

SMOKING 

DM 

POSITIVE FAMILY HISTORY 

OLD AGE 

OBESITY 

LACK OF EXERCISE 

USE STEROIDS 

RENAL STONE MAY CAUSE 

E T C 

COMPLICATION 

CARDIAC DISEASE 

CVA 

PARALYSIS MAY OCCUR

HYPERTENSIVE NEPHROPATHY 

ETC 

easy solution TYPHOID ENTERIC FEVER

Enteric fever is an acute infectious disease characterised by stepladder rise of fever .returning to normal slowly abdominal distension and tenderness .

CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 

                     salmonella typh.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOM

HIGH GRADE FEVER
 MORE THEN 101 DEGREE
THERE IS SORE THROAT
HEADACHE MILD TEMPERATURE
SOME TIME MALE PATIENT COMPLAINS TESTICULAR PAINS \
e t c              

DIAGNOSIS 

USUALLY MADE ON CLINICAL FEATURE 

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT[ ESR]

URINE R/E 

WIDAL TEST OR TYPHOID TEST IS NECESSARY 

BLOOD AND STOOL CULTURE TEST IS ADVISE 

PREVENTIONS 

ISOLATION OF PATIENT IS NECESSARY 

ADEQUATE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE AND SUPPLY OF PURE WATER 

ENVIRONMENT SHOULD BE FREE  FLIES 

TYPHOID PATIENT SHOULD NOT HANDLE FOOD ITEMS 

TREATMENT

TREATMENT IS DONE ACCORDING TO SYMPTOM 

ANTI -PYERRATIC /ANALGESIC FOR EXAMPLE[ PARACETAMOL]DICLOFANIC 

BED REST AND SOFT DIET IS DIVISION ................

ANTIBOTICS FOR EXAMPLE [LEVEFLOXACINE [AMOXIL][CEFIXIME ]ETC

easy solution of fever

My name is Adnan and i am a doctor 

i will be try to discus some most conman diseases just for your information
this is my first post
and i am just testing it
fr