examination of respiratory system

patient with history of the cough and cold have upper respiratory track infection LRTI] or lower respiratory track infection .{LRTI] or both . to role out of the common causes of {URTI} such is tonsilitis and pharyngitis . just ask the patient to open the mouth and through the torch light inside . the tongue depressor should be used particularly in case of children it well have more impact on the patient .look for the tonsils .whether they are enlarge or not. if enlarge look for any puspockets ,if present the diagnosis of acute follicular tonsilitis  . is quite evident ..
                                          if tonsils is not enlarge but throat is congested appear reed and moist with secretion then the diagnosis of pharyngitis is made and treated accordingly .
                                        after examining the throat straight away do the auscultation of the chest . from back [particularly it the base] it the apices ]
           while auscultating ask the patient to take deep breath and note down the presence of crepts or rhonchi or both 

crepitations  ,,, 

                      are moist sound produce due to the presence of mucus in the bronchial tree . theses are present in case of bronchitis or CCF 

RONCHI

            these are whistling sound produced for the passage of air through narrow bronchi 

  in most of the case crepts and rhonchi may be present together this is the case of lower respiratory tack infection 

                               if rhonchi are more marked and patient is breathing with difficulty then a diagnosis of bronchial asthma is made 

  whil auscultating try to pick of teh character of breathing 

bronchial breathing this can be listened normally by putting the stethoscope directly on patient trachea its presence in the chest indicates either consolidation {pneumonia] or cavitation {TB} harsh vesicular breathing is indicative of lungs diseases 

if no breathing sound is audible then there is possibility of fluid in tthe  pleural cavity . most important causes of pleural effusion is {TB} other causes include cancer of lungs and [CCF].....